Ephesus Ancient City

This enclosure for archaeological remains at Ephesus elegantly reconciles historic conservation with accessibility for visitors. The site of a succession of great ancient civilizations, Ephesus, on the south-west coast of modern Turkey, embodied a peculiarly fertile synthesis of architecture and culture. In 356BC the Greeks built the Artemesium (a colossal Ionic temple dedicated to Artemis the fertility goddess) which was one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. During the 2nd century BC, Ephesus was the fourth largest city in the eastern Roman Empire, famous for its Artemesium, the Library of Celsus and its medical school.

Quoted from Catherine Slessor’s Housing History.

Ephesus; Ancient Greek city of Asia Minor, near the mouth of the Menderes River, in what is today West Turkey, South of Smyrna (now Izmir). One of the greatest of the Ionian cities, it became the leading seaport of the region. Its wealth was proverbial. The Greek city was near an old center of worship of a native nature goddess, who was equated with the Greek Artemis, and c.550 B.C. a large temple was built. To this Croesus, who captured the city, contributed.

When Lydians attacked their cities, Ephesians defended themselves by tying a rope from The Temple of Artemis. But it was not a good way to defend a city. Croesus of Lydia captured it easily however he did not destroy. The city reached the “Golden Age” and became a good model to the Antic World in culture and art, as well. Building of the Artemission was going on.Croesus had a great respect to Artemis and he donated 36 columns with sculptures in relief. Some parts of these sculptures are in the British Museum today.

From Lydian control Ephesus passed to the Persian Empire. The temple was burned down in the 4th cent. B.C., but rebuilding was begun before Alexander the Great took Ephesus in 334. The city continued to thrive during the wars of his successors, and after it passed (133) to the Romans it kept its hegemony and was the leading city of the province of Asia. The great temple of Artemis, or Artemis, called by the Romans the temple of Diana, was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World. From c.100 B.C. to c. A.D. 100 Ephesus was the world capital of the slave trade.

Ephesus

The city was sacked by the Goths in A.D. 262, and the temple was destroyed. The seat of a church council in 431, Ephesus was abandoned after the harbor silted up. Excavations (1869-74) of the ruins of the temple brought to light many artifacts. Later excavations uncovered important Roman and Byzantine remains.

Quoted from The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001.

In a Christian version of a widespread story, martyrs immured in a cave near Ephesus during the persecutions by Decius (c.250). Long afterward, in the 5th cent., they awoke (as from sleep) and were taken before Theodosius II, Roman emperor of the east. Their story reassured the emperor, who had been wavering in his faith. The youths returned to their cave, to sleep again until Judgment. The story, thought to be of Syrian origin, was popularized by Gregory of Tours. Feast: July 27.

Quoted from The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001.

by ephesus.us

Before You Go

Before You Go

The country is nestled between Asia, Europe and the Middle East and Istanbul is the only city in the world that straddles two continents. Asia Minor or Anatolia has been home to many significant historical groups throughout history; from the Hittites to the Greeks, Romans to the Byzantines and Ottomans. And, almost every town you visit in the expansive country will be home to the ancient ruins of one dynasty or another.

The hot springs of Pamukkale

The natural hot springs of Pamukkale. Image by Emma Calley.

In addition to its fascinating historical roots and subsequently delicious culinary fusions, Turkey boasts an incredibly diverse set of landscapes. Whether you’re seeking powdery white beaches, thronging cities, otherworldly rock formations or striking turquoise lagoons, there’s a Turkish town to suit every traveller.

While Turkey has long been a popular tourist spot — currently the eighth most visited destination according to the World Tourism Rankings — there are still plenty of misconceptions surrounding the country. Almost every day after my trip, I was quizzed about the food, language, safety or pricing because despite its proximity to popular European hot-spots, Turkey is often overlooked in articles and guides. Its lakes, beaches and natural wonders would rival any in Italy or France, yet jaw-dropping Kaş is often overlooked for more popular Capri. Couple that with the recent uncertainty in the Middle East and it’s no surprise that people who have never visited Turkey are more unsure about it than ever.

But, after two weeks of travel and ten stops across the country, I can confidently assure you that Turkey is an unmissable destination. If uncertainty is the only thing stopping you from venturing to the home of the Ottoman empire, then I’m here to quell any doubts and answer all your questions.

1. What language do they speak?

Turkish is the only national language of Turkey and is a modern iteration of Old-Anatolian Turkish, dating back thousands of years. Arabic is not widely spoken in the country, unlike in much of the Middle East, however Turkish does share a history with the language. In Ottoman times, many Turkish words were derived from Arabic and prior to 1928, Turkish was written in Arabic script. Today, the Turkish alphabet resembles the modern Roman alphabet, with a few additional vowels and consonants. I recommend learning the words for ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ as a courtesy but don’t worry, most people understand some English.

Pro-tip: ş and ç are pronounced ‘sh’ and ‘ch’

2. Do I need a visa?

The Turquoise Coast, Turkey

The Turquoise Coast – truly stunning. Image by Emma Calley.

It depends. Many Latin American, Eastern European and African countries are exempted from visa requirements, but for many westerners, such as those from Australia, North America and the United Kingdom, it is necessary for entry. To confirm whether or not you need one, head to the ‘Turkey’ page on your country’s foreign affairs site. Applications can now be made online in a matter of minutes and range in price, depending on your country of origin.

3. What time of year should I go?

Turkey has a highly variant climate, with hot summers and freezing cold winters. Specific temperatures range across the country, making Turkey a year-round destination. Summer is probably best if you want to head to the coast and go sailing but can be too hot for some people looking to explore the sites. A winter trip is an amazing opportunity to see the peaks of Cappadocia dusted in snow or enjoy the unique winter cuisine in Istanbul. Otherwise, April, May, September and October are milder months to travel.

4. Is it expensive?

Konya Mosque.

Konya Mosque. Image by April Wong.

Short answer: no. While costs vary dramatically between big cities and small villages, Turkish prices are generally far lower than those of Europe or America. A typical meal can set you back anything from $1 to $30, depending on whether you’re dining on street food or something more gourmet. Souvenirs are the same and if found in markets, should be bargained for. Put simply, there’s something available for every budget.

5. Which currency do they use?

The currency of Turkey is the Turkish Lira (₺TRY) and is available in 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 notes. The value of the Lira has been known to fluctuate and is currently experiencing high levels of inflation, making it cheaper than usual for tourists. Check live currency converters for exact rates against your local currency.

6. What do I wear?

Although Turkey has a large Muslim population, it’s heavily influenced by Europe and is therefore relatively relaxed in terms of clothing. For women, it’s not a requirement to cover-up unless entering a religious site or certain conservative towns. Generally speaking, modest regular clothing will suffice; but if anything, dress a little more formally than at home.

7. What are the unmissable sites?

Travellers at Ephesus

Checking out Ephesus. Image by April Love Creative.

Turkey is truly a diverse country with something to offer travellers young and old. For those seeking sand and sea, you can’t go past the Turquoise Coast. Head to the towns of Ölüdeniz and Kaş for jaw-droppingly blue water and fresh seafood. If unique landscapes are more your speed, don’t miss Göreme and the rose valley of Cappadocia. Like ancient ruins? Head to Ephesus or Antalya. Finally, if it’s natural wonders you’re after, the travertine terraces of Pamukkale are sure to blow you away.